![]() (a) In a primigravida, this may occur two weeks before delivery. The fetus head is pushed deep into the pelvis in a sideways position, the face is to the left and the occiput is to the right. The fetus in the vertex position makes seven adaptations or cardinal movements. ![]() The mechanism of labor in the left occiput anterior (LOA) presentation.Ī–Descent. When the presenting part reaches the pelvic bones, it must make adjustments to pass through the pelvis and down the birth canal (see figure 10-6). As the force of the uterine contractions stimulates effacement and dilatation of the cervix, the fetus moves toward the cervix. Assisting with procedures during labor (e.g.This refers to the movements made by the fetus during the first and second stage of labor.Emotional support and education, during delivery as well as postpartum (initial care, breastfeeding, recovery).Assessing and monitoring clients’ vital signs during labor.Here are some primary responsibilities of L&D nurses: Expulsion: Following delivery of the head and shoulders, the rest of the baby’s body is delivered relatively easily and quickly.External rotation: After the head is delivered, it rotates again so that the baby’s face is turned towards one of the mother’s inner thighs, allowing the shoulders to align with the pelvic outlet.Extension: As the baby’s head passes under the pubic bone, it extends backwards, with the chin leaving the chest, so that the head can fully emerge.Internal rotation: The baby’s head rotates about 90 degrees to align with the long axis of the body as it moves down the pelvis, typically from an orientation where the baby is facing sideways to facing the mother’s back.Flexion: As the baby’s head descends and encounters resistance from the pelvic bones and soft tissues, it naturally tucks its chin toward its chest, presenting the smallest head diameter to the birth canal.This occurs throughout labor, aided by uterine contractions, amniotic fluid pressure, and maternal pushing. Descent: The baby’s head descends further into the pelvic cavity.Engagement: The baby’s head enters the pelvic inlet.The cardinal mechanisms of labor (or “movements of labor”) are a series of movements that occur during childbirth to help facilitate delivery of the baby through the birth canal. What are the cardinal mechanisms of labor? The fourth stage of labor is the recovery period immediately after delivery (monitoring for complications). The duration of this stage typically ranges from five to 30 minutes. Delivery of the placenta marks the end of the third stage. This stage starts after the baby is born. This stage begins once the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the delivery of the baby. Contractions are usually very strong (every 2–3 minutes, lasting about a minute). Transition phase: Cervix dilates from 7 cm to 10 cm.Contractions are more regular (every 3–5 minutes, 45–60 seconds). ![]() Active phase: Cervix dilates from about 3 cm to 7 cm.Contractions may be mild and 20 to 30 minutes apart at first, gradually becoming more frequent. ![]()
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